Clinical diagnosis and improvement were evaluated using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Recall with EM was associated with a significant decrease in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([oxy-Hb]) in the lateral PFC as compared with Recall without EM. Longitudinally, [oxy-Hb] during Recall significantly decreased and the amount of decrease was significantly correlated with clinical improvement when the post-treatment data was compared with that of the pre-treatment. Our results suggest that performing EM during Recall reduces the over-activity of the lateral PFC, which may be part of the biological basis for the efficacy of EMDR in PTSD. LAIRS may be Dactolisib mouse a useful
tool for objective assessment of psychological intervention in PTSD (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society All rights reserved”
“Objectives. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) duplex scanning is utilized to screen for high-grade (>= 70%) SMA stenosis (peak systolic velocity [PSV]
>= 275 cm/second) and for follow-up of SMA bypass grafts and stents. Expected duplex scan findings in SMA bypass grafts have been recently reported. There is, however, little information correlating duplex scans from stented SMAs to procedural angiograms in patients treated for high-grade (>= 70%) SMA stenosis. We report validation of duplex scan criteria for high-grade native artery SMA stenosis, and also duplex scan examined results after SMA stent placement correlated with angiograms and angiographic measured pressure Y-27632 cell line gradients pre- and post-SMA stent placement.
Methods and Results. Thirty-five patients with symptoms consistent with mesenteric ischemia were treated Ceramide glucosyltransferase with SMA stents. Pre-intervention angiography demonstrated >70% SMA stenosis or SMA occlusion in all but 3 patients. Pre-intervention pressure gradients were obtained in 20 stenotic but patent SMAs and averaged 57 +/- 38 mm Hg; range,
15 to 187 mm Hg. Eighteen of the patients had SMA duplex scan prior to angiography, and 17 demonstrated an SMA PSV >= 275 cm/second or no flow, (mean 450 +/- 152 cm/second in patent arteries; range, 256 to 770 cm/second). Post-stent placement angiography demonstrated <30% SMA stenosis in all 35 patients. Post-stent pressure gradients were obtained in 22 patients and averaged 11 +/- 13 mm Hg; range, 0 to 45 mm Hg, (P < .001 compared to pre-stent pressure gradients in a paired test) and were elevated in patients with >= 60% celiac artery stenosis compared with those with <60% celiac artery stenosis (P < .006). Mean early post-stent duplex PSV scans obtained in 13 patients, were 336 +/- 45 cm/second; range, 279 to 416 cm/second (P = .011 compared to pre-stent PSVs).
Conclusion: SMA stenting provides good anatomic results and significantly reduces measured pressure gradients.