Study Design: Retrospective case review and histopathologic analy

Study Design: Retrospective case review and histopathologic analysis.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Patients: Records of 17 patients buy ICG-001 with surgically managed PA cholesterol granulomas were reviewed. Histopathologic analysis was performed on temporal bones of 11 patients with PA cholesterol granulomas from the Temporal Bone repository at the House Research Institute.

Interventions: Surgical drainage of PA cholesterol granulomas; follow-up radiologic

imaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging), when available.

Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcome is demonstrated maintenance of a PA outflow drainage pathway after the surgical drainage procedure as assessed by radiologic imaging, available histopathology, and/or recurrence of symptoms indicating failure of maintenance. Other measures include need for revision surgery and histopathology findings.

Results: A majority (65%) of patients exhibited maintenance of their PA drainage pathway. Histopathologic evidence suggests that the PA drainage pathway can be maintained for many years after surgical drainage. Recurrence of symptoms was related to obstruction of the drainage pathway by fibrous tissue and/or granulomatous tissue. Placement of a stent improved the patient’s chance of remaining

symptom-free, with recurrence of symptoms and revision surgery required in only 2 stent cases (18%) as compared with 83% of those with no stent (p <= 0.035). Histopathologic evidence for the exposed marrow theory of PA cholesterol granulomas was found.

Conclusion: MS-275 inhibitor The majority of patients

who undergo surgical drainage of PA cholesterol granulomas remain symptom-free after surgical drainage. Histopathologic analysis of temporal bone specimens provides evidence supporting the exposed marrow theory of PA cholesterol granuloma formation. Loss of patency of the PA drainage pathway may be an important predictor for symptomatic recurrence of PA cholesterol granulomas. Placement of a find more stent may decrease the likelihood of symptomatic recurrence.”
“Objective: “”Helping Babies Breathe”" (HBB) is a simulation-based one-day course developed to help reduce neonatal mortality globally. The study objectives were to (1) determine the effect on practical skills and management strategies among providers using simulations seven months after HBB training, and (2) describe neonatal management in the delivery room during the corresponding time period before/after a one-day HBB training in a rural Tanzanian hospital.

Methods: The one-day HBB training was conducted by Tanzanian master instructors in April 2010. Two simulation scenarios; “”routine care”" and “”neonatal resuscitation”" were performed by 39 providers before (September 2009) and 27 providers after (November 2010) the HBB training.

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