The text summarizes genes with a log fold change (log FC) over 0.8 in beginning of regeneration, whereas all genes towards Entospletinib molecular weight termination of regeneration are discussed. For time contrast 3–0 weeks one gene was up-regulated (log FC 0.9); Insulin-like growth factor binding protein

7 (IGFBP-7). It is involved in regulation of cell proliferation [16]. One gene was down-regulated (log FC −1.8); Cytolytic granule protein APR-246 chemical structure (TIA1) which functions potentially as an inducer of apoptosis [17]. For time contrast 6–0 weeks two genes were down-regulated (log FC −1.1): BAG3 potentially prevents FAS-mediated apoptosis [18] while Tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1), (log FC −0.9) potentially Alpelisib purchase induces apoptosis

[19]. Towards end of regeneration, one gene found differentially expressed in both time contrasts 6–0 and 6–3 has a potential negative effect on cell cycle progression and promotes apoptosis; Zinc finger protein 490 (ZNF490) [20]. By comparing the log fold change for genes in the resection group, this gene had the highest rate of 2.0 at t = 1, and 2.4 at t = 2. For time contrast 6–3 weeks, one gene was down-regulated (log FC −1.1), that is Fas associated factor 1 (FAF1) which potentially increases cell death [21]. Caspase recruitment domain family, member 11 (CARD11) was up-regulated (log FC 0.4). Parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH) was also up-regulated in termination of liver regeneration (log FC 0.4), and has been reported to regulate cell why proliferation [22]. General trends of apoptosis, cell cycle and cell proliferation within the sham group For time contrast 3–0 weeks, one gene was up-regulated (log FC 0.9): Uromodulin (UMOD) which is a potential negative regulator of cell proliferation [23]. By comparing the first time contrast that is from 0 until 3 weeks, with the second,

6–0, we found one common up-regulated gene, MDM4, (log FC 1.9 and 2.0, respectively). This gene potentially inhibits the G1 phase of the cell cycle [24] in both time-contrasts. For time contrast 6–0 weeks, one gene regulating cell proliferation was down-regulated: SOCS2 (log FC −0.9). This gene suppresses cytokine signalling and inhibits STAT and thereby terminating the transcription activity [25]. For time contrast 6–3 weeks, one gene was down-regulated, BTG3 (log FC −0.9). This gene is an anti-proliferative gene and ANA is a member of this family. It has been shown that an over expression of ANA impaired serum-induced cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 to S phase [26]. General trends of apoptosis, cell cycle and cell proliferation within the control group For time contrast 3–0 weeks, we found one down-regulated gene (log FC −2.8).