18 (0.22) [16] 1.03 (0.16) [965] 0.0001 0.0559 0.0003 Hip BMD 1.09 (0.20) [16] 0.97 (0.15) [963] 0.0002 0.0096 0.0071 FN BMD 0.92 (0.20) [16] 0.81 (0.14) [952] 0.0001 0.0032 0.0103 CT 0.18 (0.04) [16] 0.15 (0.03) [958] 0.0001 0.0029 0.0042 CSA 3.13 (0.77) [16] 2.83 (0.64) [958] 0.0030 0.0150 0.0510 BR 10.71 (2.92) [16] 12.04 (2.73) [958] 0.0170 0.1140 click here 0.0710 Presented are mean (SD) [observation number]. In the total sample, age and gender were adjusted. In the gender-stratified analyses, age was adjusted

as a covariant. Marked in bold are data that remained significant after Bonferroni correction”
“Introduction Hand radiographs are obtained routinely in order to determine the bone age as part of the workup

of a variety of disorders related to growth and maturation in children. Bone age is a better assessment of the child’s stage of physiological development than the chronological age; for instance, the menarche and the growth spurt occur in relatively narrow intervals of bone age [1]. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in assessing bone mass in paediatric endocrinology, and the traditional bone density methods, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), have been adapted to the paediatric population [2, 3]. A bone mass measurement is often judged relative to bone age rather than age. The determination of bone age LY2835219 price has recently been automated by the BoneXpert method which locates 15 bones in the hand, including all the metacarpals, and assigns a bone age value to each bone [4–7]. In view of this new technology, it is logical to investigate the best way to determine bone mass from the bone Sulfite dehydrogenase age radiographs by an automated version of the classical method of radiogrammetry which was popular in the 1960s [8–10]). Rijn et al. [11] presented a study of automated radiogrammetry in children. This work employed the Pronosco/Sectra X-posure System to determine digital

X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR)-bone mineral density (BMD), which was originally developed for adults but used by them to analyse a paediatric population. Their results were encouraging, but the method tended to reject images at ages below 10 years, and it was not able to adapt the size of the measurement region to the size of the hand. The aim of this paper is to present a dedicated method for assessing bone mass of children using conventional radiographs of the hand. We perform a systematic analysis to determine the index that best accommodates the highly variable size of the paediatric hand, we present a reference database for healthy Caucasian European children, and we determine the EX 527 cost precision of the method. Methods Data The subjects’ radiographs are derived from three studies: The Sjaelland study: 1,867 healthy Caucasian subjects (median age 11.

Multimode interference Multimode interference (MMI) is a waveguide effect which waveguide modes are interfered and self-imaged in a multimode waveguide. MMI is used for the plasmonic couplers due to its large fabrication tolerance and integrated size [16, 17]. Several works have presented plasmonic

MMI couplers to split JNK-IN-8 solubility dmso SPP intensities and Selleckchem G418 filter wavelengths. Multimode interference couplers were often studied using calculation methods, such as finite-element method [18] (FEM), beam propagation method [17] (BPM), and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method [19]. By using these methods, the functions of MMI devices can be theoretically demonstrated. However, MMI patterns are hard to be directly visualized. To show MMI in DLSPPW experimentally, learn more we studied a wide

DLSPPW with 300-nm-high, 4.6-μm-wide strip on a 100-nm-thick silver film. The waveguide length was longer than 100 μm. The incident wavelength was 830 nm owing to the good SPP propagation length and quantum efficiency of CCD. This waveguide provided TM00 ~ TM06 in 830-nm wavelength and gave rise to multimode interference along the waveguide. The interference effect can be express by (1) where m is the number of guided mode, a m is superposition constant and u m (y) is complex amplitude depended with incident field. The MMI pattern changed with the incident field u m (y).The incident field was changed by varying the launching position of the fiber tip. In the experiment, the near-field excitation location was moved from the north corner to south corner by using move-mode in NFES. Figures 3 show the leakage radiation Etofibrate images that correspond the fiber tips located at corners and middle of the waveguide. Figure 3a was a chain-like MMI pattern. The field intensity was splitting to 50:50

with a gap of 2.237 μm (red arrow). Figure 3b,c shows the LRM images when input field was launched at the corner. Both of them showed zigzag bright dashed lines and symmetric to each other. Some inconspicuous illuminations were observed between these bright patterns. The angle of refraction is about 40°. Figure 3 A multimode waveguide excited by NFES. (a) Leakage radiation image when the fiber tip was at the center of the waveguide. The red arrow shows the location of intensity was spitted into 50:50. (b, c) Leakage radiation images when the fiber tip was located at two different corners of the waveguide. (d to f) The calculated optical field distributions (E z ) for near-field excitation at different positions, (d) at the center of waveguide, (e, f) and at two different corners. To understand these properties, we calculated the plasmonic modes (E z ) by using 3D-FDTD method. The calculation fields were shown in Figure 3d,e,f). In these simulations, a 300-nm-hight, 4.6-μm-width, and 30-μm-length dielectric stripe with a refractive index of 1.61 was placed on 100-nm-thick silver film coated on a glass substrate.

tularensis Schu S4 (EC50 of 0.145 μg/ml), reflecting the selleck screening library altered shape of the MIC curve and indicating increased sensitivity. Only ΔacrB was statistically significantly different for EC50 when compared to the wild-type F. tularensis Schu S4 (p-value < 0.05).

Thus, F. tularensis Schu S4 ΔacrA and ΔacrB mutants had greater sensitivity to Az compared to F. novicida mutants, or the parental F. tularensis Schu S4 strain by disc inhibition assay and MIC. Az inhibition of intracellular Francisella mutant strains J774A.1 and A549 cells infected with F. novicida transposon LPS mutant wbtA and multidrug efflux mutants ftlC, tolC, acrA, and acrB had more than 104 CFU/ml 22 hours post-infection (Figure 5). ftlC generally had lower CFU counts, whereas the acrA and acrB had higher CFU counts in both cell lines. The CFU of F. novicida transposon mutants decreased as the Az concentration increased for each cell line (p-value < 0.005 for each Selleck Vactosertib Az treatment compared to 0 μg/ml Az). At 35 μg/ml Az treatment, the bacterial CFU count was near 0 CFU/ml in J774A.1 and A549 cells (Figure 5). Thus, wbtA and the RND mutants are capable of replication within J774A.1 and A549 cells, although the overall number of bacteria per cell was lower than for the parental F. novicida infection (1.76 × 105 ± 6.36 × 103 CFU/ml in J774A.1 and 1.80 × 105 ± 1.41 × 104 CFU/ml in A549 cells PF-02341066 cell line at 0 μg/ml). Mutant trends

after Az treatments were significantly different from the wild-type F. novicida with a p-value < 0.05 (wild-type decreased to 0 CFU/ml at 5 μg/ml Az in J774A.1 cells and decreased to 0 CFU/ml at 25 μg/ml Az in A549 cells). Corresponding to the higher MICs identified in vitro, LPS mutants require more Az to eliminate the bacteria from infected cells. Figure 5 Az inhibition of intracellular F. novicida mutants. A) J774A.1 and B) A549 cells were infected with various mutants at an MOI 500. At 22 hours, the number Metalloexopeptidase of CFUs/ml recovered from F. novicida multidrug efflux mutants ftlC, tolC, acrA, and acrB and LPS O-antigen mutant wbtA decreased as Az concentrations increased and was near 0 CFU/ml at 35 μg/ml

Az (p-value < 0.005 for all Az treatments compared to 0 μg/ml Az for each mutant). The recovery of mutant strains after Az treatments were significantly different from the wild-type F. novicida with a p-value < 0.05 (1.76 × 105 ± 6.36 × 103 CFU/ml in J774A.1 at 0 μg/ml Az which decreased to 0 CFU/ml at 5 μg/ml Az and 1.80 × 105 ± 1.41 × 104 CFU/ml in A549 cells at 0 μg/ml Az which decreased to 0 CFU/ml at 25 μg/ml Az). J774A.1 cells had higher bacterial counts than A549 cells. G. mellonella infection by Francisella and antibiotic treatment Francisella-infected G. mellonella was used as a model system [25] to study Az treatment. G. mellonella were infected with either 3 × 106 CFU bacteria/larva of F. novicida or F. tularensis LVS and then treated with a single dose of 10 μl injections PBS (no antibiotic), 20 μg/ml ciprofloxacin, or 25 μg/ml Az.

If the time of the procedure was unavailable, or if no procedure was required, this time was measured from arriving in the ED until leaving for CT head. We also separately examined the TTCTH in patients who had no interventions of any type in the ED (TTCTH-no

interventions), the TTCTH excluding patients who required intubation or re-intubation for misplaced endotracheal tubes in the ED (TTCTH-exclude intubation), and the TTCTH including only patients intubated (pre-hospital or in the ED) (TTCTH-intubation only). The data were analyzed using STATA (version 9.2, College Station, Texas) and presented as medians with interquartile ranges (IQR) for non-normally distributed variables. Medians were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test, categorical data Selleck MLN0128 were analyzed by Fisher’s exact test. To identify independent factors associated with the time to CT Head a multiple linear regression model selleckchem was developed, using backward stepwise

variable elimination. Statistically significant differences were defined as a p value < 0.05. Results One hundred and one (101) eligible patients’ charts were reviewed. Thirteen (13) patients were excluded from the final analysis as seven patients had CT head done at a referring hospital, four had missing times to CT, one was not trauma patient and one did not have a TBI leaving 88 records for analysis. Fifty-eight (58) patients had a FTA, and 30 had a NTTR. Patients in the FTA group were younger (median age 26 vs 54 years), higher median ISS (29 vs 25, p = 0.007), and lower scene GCS score (6 vs 10, p = 0.08) than the NTTR patients, with the majority being intubated prehospital. Table 2 shows the characteristics of the two groups. The actual time of the trauma team activation was recorded in only 21 (36%) of activations, but all had ER admission time recorded. In 11 cases the FTA was prior to emergency department (ED) admission, in 8 it was coincident with ED admission,

and in 2 after admission. Thus the median time to FTA was 1 minute before ED admission with an average time of 5.5 minutes noting one outlying activation 164 minutes after ED admission. Table 2 Patient characteristics in resuscitative Adavosertib ic50 groups (FTA and NTTR) No. of patients   FTA NTTR p value N = 88   (n = 58) (n = 30)   Age ALOX15 (y) median (IQR) 26 (21–46.5) 54 (25.5-76.5) 0.0017   mean ± SD 35 ± 18 51 ± 24   Male gender   46 (79%) 22 (73%) 0.6 ISS median (IQR) 29 (23.5-41.5) 25 (17–29) 0.0071   mean ± SD 32 ± 11 25 ± 7.5   MAIS Head, median (IQR) 16 (16-25) 20.5 (16-25) 0.5   mean ± SD 19 ± 6 20 ± 6   GCS at scence, median (IQR) 6.0 (3.0-12.0) 10.0 (5.75-13) 0.08 Intubated prehospital   50 (86%) 5 (17%) <0.0001 Intubated in ED1   5 (8.6%) 11 (37%) 0.0026 No. pts with reason for delay to CT2   30 (52%) 16 (53%) 1 No. pts with ED Interventions3   27 (47%) 14 (47%) 0.9 TTCTH-unqualified         Time from ED adm to CT (min), median (IQR)   26 (19.5-36.5) 49.5 (32–80.5) <0.001 TTCTH-after airways secure (min)4   25.5 (17.5-35) 38 (27.

Furthermore, the fact that the most complicated DRGs have a higher cost per day according to the regional government tax regulations regarding public service costs [16] and that these are marked with longer LOS makes the health costs for these groups shoot up. The same effect has been described in a multicenter study published by Hass [3]; the study pointed out that despite a higher cost of the material needed for LA,

the cost of the entire procedure is still 27,6% lower than OA due to similar operating times, lower LOS and a morbidity rate 5% lower for LA. Regarding the costs of the laparoscopy material, Chu [11] stated that the use of endoscopic learn more linear staplers is responsible for the elevated cost of LA (300$ per firing), whereas other methods for ligating the appendix and the mesoappendix are much cheaper, thus any of those more cost-effective methods ought to be used instead of endoscopic linear staplers. Thermocoagulation BMS202 concentration of the mesoappendix (by means of bipolar device of electrocautery) has been shown to be an effective and

much cheaper mean to control the appendicular artery [25–28] and, indeed, we have registered no hemorrhagic complications related to this method of controlling the appendicular artery. For the appendicular stump, we have used an intracavitary “handmade” suture as described because it is safe and the cost is far lower. Some authors maintain that the stapling takes only a few seconds (much less than a handmade suture) but they do Resminostat not bear in mind that preparing and correctly locating

the device also takes a time that is not taken into consideration on endorsing this claim [29]. Therefore, the main advantage of LA is in terms of LOS and complications. For this reason, Tiwari [12] published a retrospective analysis of 208.314 patients undergoing several laparoscopic procedures (including emergency LA) stratified in AG-881 in vitro different groups according to the severity of the disease and found a reduction in mortality rates, morbidity rates, ICU admissions, hospital readmissions in the following 30 postoperative days, lower LOS and significantly lower costs for all the laparoscopic procedures. Hence, the general conclusion of this large multicenter study is that laparoscopic approach for all these procedures is safe, efficient and cost-effective compared to open techniques. Gil Piedra [30] found that AL is far superior than OA in terms of complications arising in the most serious cases of AA (gangrenous and perforated). Focusing on morbidity (Table 2), we found a rate of 5% (2 cases) for LA, which is similar to the rate described by other authors. Nevertheless, morbidity rate for OA is significantly higher than in other centers [1, 5–10, 13, 14, 23, 24, 29], although Vallribera published a complication rate in the same fashion [31].

aeruginosa isolates collected from CF patients using a method adopted from Jacob 1954 [14]. Bacterial cells of dense LB cultures (48 h old) of PA01 and PA14 were spun down in a centrifuge. Supernatant was collected and filtered (0.20 μm) and serially see more diluted in minimal salts medium [14]. For the assay asking if proteinaceous compounds are responsible for killing, the sterile supernatant was heated for 15 s at 100°C. 0.5 ml of a dense culture of a natural isolate was added to 3 ml of molten semi solid LB (bacto-tryptone 10 g, yeast extract 5 g, NaCl 10 g, agar 7 g, 1000 ml dH2O) and poured out over the surface of a Petri dish containing

minimal salts agar (as described above with 10 g of agar added) as an overlay. A dilution series of either non-heat treated or heat treated sterile supernatant was spotted on top of the layer of natural isolate, up to 11 spots of 15 μl were spotted on a single Petri dish with overlay. Cultures were incubated for 48 h at 37°C. The inverse of the highest dilution of sterile supernatant giving rise to inhibition was defined as the inhibition score, which is effectively a measure of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Volasertib The inhibition scores were log transformed

prior to analysis. No inhibition was observed when spotting sterile PA01or PA14 supernatant on top of an overlay with the same strain. To exclude the possibility that bacteriophage are responsible for the observed inhibition, we performed a one-step growth assay as follows. The zones of inhibition formed on overlays of clinical isolates were transferred to an exponential liquid culture of growing cells of the same clinical isolate. After 24 h, cell free extract was prepared and spotted

onto a layer of the clinical isolate. A resulting clear zone of inhibition would be indicative of the presence of bacteriophage because a 24 h liquid culture of clinical isolate should contain even more bacteriophage than the initial culture since bacteriophage are able to reproduce with the appropriate host cells present. We found no evidence for the presence of bacteriophage. Acknowledgements We thank anonymous reviewers and Andy Gardner for comments Protein tyrosine phosphatase on this work and Tracy Giesbrecht, Talía Malagón and Danna Gifford for assistance. The Ontario Provincial Government, the Canadian Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and the National Research Council of Canada provided funding. Electronic supplementary material Additional file 1: Table S1. Inhibition of clinical isolates by toxins in cell free extract collected from laboratory strains PA01 and PA14 as a function of metabolic similarity (correlation coefficient) between toxin BAY 80-6946 price producer and clinical isolate based on BIOLOG profiles. A unimodal non-linear relationship peaking at intermediate metabolic similarity give best fit to the data for producer PA14 (solid lines), better than a linear fit; for PA01 no such relationship was found.

Inorg Chem 42:5244–5251. doi:10.​1021/​ic020640y CrossRefPubMed Lundberg M, Siegbahn PEM (2004) Theoretical investigations of structure and mechanism of the oxygen-evolving complex in PSII. Phys Chem selleckchem Chem Phys 6:4772–4780. doi:10.​1039/​b406552b

CrossRef Mouesca JM, Noodleman L, Case DA, Lamotte B (1995) Spin densities and spin coupling in iron-sulfur clusters: a new analysis of hyperfine coupling constants. Inorg Chem 34:4347–4359. doi:10.​1021/​ic00121a013 CrossRef Munzarova M, Kaupp M (1999) A critical validation of density functional and coupled-cluster approaches for the calculation of EPR hyperfine coupling constants in transition metal complexes. J Phys Chem A 103:9966–9983. doi:10.​1021/​jp992303p CrossRef Munzarova ML, Kubacek P, Kaupp M (2000) Mechanisms of EPR hyperfine coupling in transition metal complexes. J Am Chem Soc 122:11900–11913. doi:10.​1021/​ja002062v CrossRef Murray CW, Laming GJ, Handy NC, Amos RD (1992) Kohn–Sham bond lengths and frequencies calculated with accurate quadrature and large basis-sets. Chem Phys Lett 199:551–556. doi:10.​1016/​0009-2614(92)85008-X CrossRef Neese F (2001a)

Prediction of electron paramagnetic resonance g values using coupled perturbed Hartree–Fock and Kohn–Sham theory. J Chem Phys 115:11080–11096. doi:10.​1063/​1.​1419058 CrossRef Neese this website F (2001b) Theoretical study of ligand superhyperfine structure application to Cu(II) complexes. J Phys Chem A 105:4290–4299. doi:10.​1021/​jp003254f CrossRef Neese F (2002) Prediction and interpretation of the 57Fe isomer shift in Mössbauer spectra by density functional triclocarban theory. Inorg Chim Acta 337:181–192. doi:10.​1016/​S0020-1693(02)01031-9 CrossRef Neese F (2003) Quantum chemical calculations of spectroscopic properties of metalloproteins and model compounds: EPR and Mössbauer properties. Curr Opin Chem Biol 7:125–135. doi:10.​1016/​S1367-5931(02)00006-6 CrossRefPubMed Neese F (2004) Definition of

corresponding orbitals and the diradical character in broken symmetry DFT calculations on spin coupled systems. J Phys Chem Solids 65:781–785. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jpcs.​2003.​11.​015 CrossRef Neese F (2006a) A critical PSI-7977 supplier evaluation of DFT including time-dependent DFT, applied to bioinorganic chemistry. J Biol Inorg Chem 11:702–711. doi:10.​1007/​s00775-006-0138-1 CrossRefPubMed Neese F (2006b) Importance of direct spin-spin coupling and spin-flip excitations for the zero-field splittings of transition metal complexes: a case study. J Am Chem Soc 128:10213–10222. doi:10.​1021/​ja061798a CrossRefPubMed Neese F (2007) Calculation of the zero-field splitting tensor on the basis of hybrid density functional and Hartree-Fock theory. J Chem Phys 127:164112. doi:10.​1063/​1.

Western blotting The cytoplasmic

and nuclear extracts from differentiated U937 cells were prepared with NEPER Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Extraction Reagents (Pierce, Rockford, IL). Equal amounts (20 μg or 10 μg in the nuclear fraction) of protein extracts were electrophoresed on 8–10% SDS polyacrylamide gels and transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. Rabbit anti-phospho-p65 (Ser276) and p-IκB-α (Ser32),rabbit anti- phospho-specific p38 MAPK and p38, rabbit anti-phospho-specific ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 were used PLX-4720 purchase to detect the mTOR inhibitor presence of phospho-p65, phospho-specific p38 MAPK and p38; phosphor-specific ERK1/2 and ERK1/2, respectively. The scanned figures were visualized and quantified using Image J software. Statistical analysis Data presented are representative of 3-5 independent experiments. Unless otherwise indicated, data were expressed as means ± S.D. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by LSD for multiple comparisons. Differences were considered significant if p < 0.05. All analyses were performed using SPSS 13.0 software. Results Induction of

U937 cell differentiation by PMA The U937 cells of a routine subculture are in the form of a single cell suspension. After 8 h of culture in the presence of 10 nM PMA, the cells began to transform from flat elongated suspension cells into irregular-shaped amoeba-like cells that developed pseudopodia extensions and adhered to the bottom of the container. After 48 h of cultivation, 85% of the cells were adherent growth. So far, differentiation of U937 cells by treatment with this website Unoprostone PMA has been accomplished. Cell viability assay To assess the effect of PCN on cell viability, MTT assays were performed on cells incubated with a range of PCN concentrations (5-100 μM) after 24 h.

Cell viability was not affected by PCN (5-75 μM). Loss of cell viability by 5-6% was observed at a PCN concentration of 100 μM (data not shown). Therefore, PCN concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 μM was used in the subsequent experiments. Effect of PCN on IL-8 mRNA In these studies, TNF-α was used as a positive control to further explore the expression of IL-8 mRNA induced by PCN. After treatments with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) or PCN (25 μM) alone or their combination for the indicated periods, IL-8 mRNA levels were analyzed by RT-PCR with its specific primers. PCN-mediated induction of IL-8 mRNA in differentiated U937 cells was detectable at any time point studied. TNF-α alone induced IL-8 mRNA in a time-dependent manner, which peaked at 2 h, and stimulated IL-8 release in a concentration-dependent manner after 24 hours of incubation (Figure 1). The medium alone produced trace amounts of IL-8. Treatment with PCN plus TNF-α slightly increased IL-8 mRNA expression. This difference, however, was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Figure 1 The expression of IL-8 mRNA in PMA-differentiated U937 cells.

Only some partial conclusions can be made. For example, the sample sputtered for 20 s

at 10 mA exhibits higher R a than those sputtered for the same time at 20 and 30 mA. The difference may be caused by larger number of high Vactosertib clinical trial isolated gold islands created by nucleation at lower discharge current. Table 1 Surface roughness R a of glass with gold film sputtered for different sputtering times and discharge currents   Surface roughness (nm) Sample 10 mA 20 mA 30 mA 40 mA Glass/Au (20 s) 3.8 1.3 0.5 1.2 Glass/Au (150 s) 1.1 5.3 2.0 1.6 The surface roughness R a of pristine glass and glass with gold film sputtered for different sputtering times (20 s, 150 s) and discharge currents (10 to 40 mA). Pristine glass has R this website a= 0.34 nm. Typical error is ±10%. The interaction of VSMCs with gold-sputtered glass substrate was studied by using a microscope. The number of adhered and proliferated cells just after seeding is shown in Figure 6. For comparison in a control experiment, the cells were also seeded, under the same conditions, on standard tissue polystyrene (TCPS). On the 1st and 3rd day after the seeding, the number of adhered cells on the pristine glass and glass/gold substrates was minimal especially in comparison with TCPS. On the 6th day (cells proliferation) after the seeding, the number of cells on pristine

and gold-coated glass increases dramatically. The cell growth on pristine glass is slower than that on the TCPS. Gold

coating results in dramatic increase in VSMCs proliferation, which is higher than that on the TCPS. Analogous increase in cell proliferation was observed also on substrates which are chemically grafted with gold nanoparticles [9]. From in vitro Selleck SYN-117 experiments, the viability of VSMC cells was determined to be 60% and 95% after 1 and 6 days after seeding, respectively. Figure 6 The number of VSMCs after different cultivation times (1st, 3rd, and 6th day). On pristine glass, gold-coated glass (20 and 150 s sputtering times and 20 mA discharge current),and gold-coated glass (20 and 150 s sputtering times and 40 mA discharge current). The number of VSMCs on TCPS was used as a standard. Rebamipide The cell growth is illustrated on the photographs of VSMCs adhered (1st day) and proliferated (6th day) on pristine glass and glass sputtered with gold for 20 and 150 s at discharge currents 20 and 40 mA which are shown in Figure 7. First day after the cell seeding, no significant differences in the cell size, cell form, and density between different substrates are observed. In comparison with pristine glass, the cells on the gold-coated samples exhibit higher homogeneity and better spreading of cells. Worse homogeneity of VSMCs growth and lower cell density (see Figure 6) are observed on the sample sputtered at 40 mA for 150 s.

Appl Phys Lett 2012, 100:172113–172115.CrossRef 9. Courel M, Rimada JC, Hernández L: GaAs/GaInNAs quantum well and superlattice

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