Polyclonal antibodies against Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) 2C protein were generated by immunisation of rabbits with a peptide comprising amino acids 31-210 of the protein. Antibodies were used to investigate the localisation of 2C in infected cells by Wortmannin indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Analysis of infected cells revealed that the distribution of 2C changed during infection. Early on. the protein was localised in the perinuclear region with punctate staining in the cytoplasm and at later stages,

it was concentrated in one large structure in close proximity to the nucleus and occupying almost 50% of the cell size. Dual-label immunofluorescence using wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and anti-TMEV 2C antibodies suggested that 2C, and therefore virus replication, is targeted to the Golgi apparatus. At late stages of infection Golgi staining was dispersed, indicating potential reorganisation of membranes. Infection was accompanied by “”rounding up”" of the cells and a redistribution of actin around the putative replication complex. The results suggest that TMEV behaves similarly to FMDV which also forms replication complexes in the perinuclear region. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Several

lines of evidence show that visual perception is altered at the locus of visual attention: detection is faster, performance better and spatial resolution increased. It is however not known whether attention can affect visual perception further away from its locus. selleck screening library In the present study, we specifically question whether and how visual attention influences spatial perception away from its locus, independently from any saccadic preparation. We use a landmark task in which subjects have to estimate the location of a bisection stimulus relative to two landmark

stimuli BCKDHB 15 degrees apart, while fixating one of them. This task is combined with a highly demanding discrimination task performed on one of the two landmarks. This allows us to test for the effect of spatial attention allocation on distance perception, as measured by the subject estimation of the landmarks midpoint. We show that the estimated midpoint is displaced towards the attentional locus, both when attention is instructed on the central landmark or on the peripheral landmark. These results suggest an overrepresentation of space around the attentional locus that can affect perception up to 8 degrees away, and question the existence of an objective spatial representation. They are in line with reports of spatial distortion in hemineglect patients while they strikingly contrast with the spatial compression reported around the time of saccadic execution. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the main viral cause of severe respiratory infections in children and a common cause of morbidity in the elderly.