The results show that nNOS is differentially expressed by both cell bodies and neuropil

across its different subdivisions. The highest levels of neuronal staining are seen in the dorsal and lateral cortices, and the commissural nucleus, making. them readily distinguishable selleck from the ventro-lateral part of the central nucleus where nNOS expression in neuropil and somata is minimal. Dorso-medially, and caudally, however, the region of nNOS expression extends from the dorsal cortex into the area normally designated as the central nucleus, and nNOS is expressed by neurons characteristic of this subdivision. Our findings support the idea of a gradual transition in cell properties rather than a distinct boundary between the central nucleus and the dorsal cortex. This transition zone may provide a cytoarchitectonic substrate for functional interaction between these two subdivisions. (C) 2008 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“1. The heat flow of paraplegic (PA) and able-bodied (AB) subjects were determined at rest

in cool and warm conditions.

2. During heat exposure upper body sites for both groups showed heat loss, whereas the lower body sites of the PA groups showed heat gain.

3. During heat exposure, a systematic difference between groups in the relationship between heat flow and calf-skin temperature existed.

4. In conclusion, heat storage appears to be localised in PA subjects at rest and centralised for AB subjects. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The inferior colliculus is a major relay nucleus in the ascending auditory buy AZD5363 pathways that receives multiple glutamatergic inputs. Vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 (VGLUT1, VGLUT2) most often have complementary nonoverlapping distributions and can be used to differentiate glutamatergic inputs. The present study therefore examined co-immunolabeling of VGLUT1

and VGLUT2 in three divisions of the rat inferior colliculus. Additional co-immunolabeling of microtubule-associated protein 2 and neuronal class III beta-tubulin provided visualization of neuronal soma and processes and allowed identification of axo-somatic versus axo-dendritic Resveratrol contacts. Results showed numerous VGLUT1 and 2 immunolabeled terminals in the central nucleus, lateral cortex and dorsal cortex. In all three divisions there was little to no co-containment of the two vesicular glutamate transporters indicating a complementary distribution. VGLUT1 made predominantly axo-dendritic connections in the neuropil, while VGLUT2 had many axo-somatic contacts in addition to axo-dendritic contacts. VGLUT2 immunolabeled terminals were numerous on the soma and proximal dendrites of many medium-to-large and large neurons in the central nucleus and medium to large neurons in the dorsal cortex.