With XPS we observe that ethanol oxidizes Fe catalysts at carbon nanotube (CNT) growth temperatures, selleck inhibitor which leads to reduced carbon nanotube growth. Ethanol needs to be decomposed by a hot filament or other technique to create a reducing atmosphere and reactive carbon species in order to grow vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes from Fe catalysts. Furthermore, we show that Al(2)O(3), unlike SiO(2), plays an active role in CNT growth using ethanol CVD. From our study we conclude

that metallic Fe on Al(2)O(3) is the most optimal catalyst/substrate combination for high-yield SWCNT forest growth, using hot filament CVD with ethanol as the carbon containing gas. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3552306]“
“Fluoxetine, one of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), has been found to possess immune modulation effects, in addition to its antidepressant effects. However, it remains unclear whether SSRIs can suppress the antigen-presenting

function of dendritic cells BAY 80-6946 (DCs). Therefore, Fluoxetine was applied to a co-culture of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)-reactive T cells (x Aa-T) isolated from Aa-immunized mice and DCs. This resulted in the suppressed proliferation of x Aa-T stimulated with Aa-antigen presentation by DCs. Specifically, Fluoxetine increased the extracellular 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the x Aa-T/DC co-culture, whereas exogenously applied 5-HT promoted T-cell proliferation in the x Aa-T/DC co-culture, indicating that Fluoxetine-mediated suppression of x Aa-T/DC responses Oligomycin A mouse cannot be attributed to extracellular 5-HT. Instead, Fluoxetine remarkably suppressed the expression of costimulatory molecule ICOS-L on DCs. Fluoxetine also promoted a greater proportion of CD86(Low) immature

DCs than CD86(High) mature DCs, while maintaining the expression levels of CD80, MHC-class-II and PD-L1. These results suggested that Fluoxetine suppressed the ability of DCs to present bacterial antigens to T cells, and the resulting T-cell proliferation, in a SERT/5-HT-independent manner and that diminished expression of ICOS-L on DCs and increase of CD86(Low) immature DCs caused by Fluoxetine might be partially associated with Fluoxetine-mediated suppression of DC/T-cell responses.”
“The dielectric response of Sr1-1.5xBixTiO3 films (0.002 <= x <= 0.167), prepared by sol-gel and deposited on Si/SiO2/TiO2/Pt substrates, is analyzed as a function of frequency and temperature. The hysteretic behavior of the polarization versus the electric field is studied as well. Between 100 Hz and 1 MHz, the real part of the dielectric permittivity epsilon’ exhibit a relaxation between similar to 60 and 260 K, shifting to high temperatures with increasing the Bi content. In the imaginary part of the dielectric permittivity epsilon ” of these films two relaxations are induced by Bi doping below the temperature of the epsilon’ relaxation.